Simulation of unconfined seepage in soil-rock mixture slope by virtual element method

Abstract The VEM (virtual element method) is commonly used in engineering due to its ability solve arbitrary node meshes. In this study, we propose a method determine the free surface of unconfined seepage problem soil-rock mixtures slop using advantages VEM. By cutting meshes iteration, our overcomes limitation fixed mesh solving surface, and numerical tests confirm accuracy proposed predicting location surface. Moreover, results demonstrate that presence rock blocks significantly impacts behavior slop, revealing importance considering analysis such systems.